LVI. On thunderstorm electricity

A severe thunderstorm climatology for Australia and associated thunderstorm environments

Lvi. Opsonins and Diets Deficient

ALTHOUGH it is well known that animals fed on diets deficient in vitamins frequently die from intercurrent bacterial infections, the reason for this apparent failure in the protective mechanism of the body is at present unknown. Hektoen [1914] found that the serum reactions were quite normal in animals fed for considerable periods on artificial diets, while later, Zilva [1919] could not determi...

Transient Thunderstorm Downbursts and Their Effects on Wind Turbines

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 61400-1 for the design of wind turbines does not explicitly address site-specific conditions associated with anomalous atmospheric events or conditions. Examples of off-standard atmospheric conditions include thunderstorm downbursts, hurricanes, tornadoes, low-level jets, etc. The simulation of thunderstorm downbursts and associated l...

Microphysical effects of Saharan dusts on an orogenic thunderstorm

This study investigates the microphysical sensitivity of an orogenic thunderstorm during Genoa 1992 flood event to the concentration and solubility of nucleating aerosols. Idealized 2-D simulations with a new microphysical scheme and a cloud resolving model showed the solubility of CCN can be as important as their concentration. High solubility cases of CCN led to less accumulation of precipita...

Automated extraction and classification of thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm wind data for extreme-value analysis

Design wind loads are partly based on extreme value analyses of historical wind data, and limitations on the quantity and spatial resolution of wind data pose a significant challenge in such analyses. A promising source of recent wind speed and direction data is the automated surface observing system (ASOS), a network of about 1000 standardized US weather stations. To facilitate the use of ASOS...